This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Online Supplement All Versions of this Article: 200412-1621OCv1 172/4/433    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Grissell, T. V. Articles by Gibson, P. G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Grissell, T. V. Articles by Gibson, P. G.

Interleukin-10 Gene Expression in Acute Virus-induced Asthma

School of Medical Practice and Population Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, and Immunology and Infectious Diseases Unit, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton; Picornaviral Research Unit, Royal Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle; and John Hunter Children's Hospital, Kaleidoscope, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia

Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Peter G. Gibson, M.B.B.S., Level 3 HMRI, John Hunter Hospital, Locked Bag 1, Hunter Region Mail Centre, New Lambton, NSW 2310, Australia. E-mail: peter.gibson{at}hnehealth.nsw.gov.au

Rationale: Virus-induced asthma is characterized by marked neutrophil influx and eosinophil degranulation, suggesting a mode of immunopathogenesis different from that of allergen-induced asthma. Objectives: This study compared induced sputum cytokine responses in subjects with severe asthma exacerbation and respiratory virus infection with those of patients with stable asthma, healthy control subjects, and virus-infected nonasthmatic subjects. Methods: Subject infection status and pulmonary history were established on the basis of common cold and asthma questionnaires, and lung function and atopy tests were performed. Respiratory virus infection was diagnosed by cell culture and direct polymerase chain reaction, using induced sputum. The induced sputum cellular profile was examined and cytokine gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: A respiratory virus was detected in 78% of subjects with acute asthma. Specific viruses detected were rhinovirus (83%), influenza (15%), enterovirus (4%), and respiratory syncytial virus (2%). Virus-infected subjects with acute asthma or no asthma had increased RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 messenger RNAs compared with other groups. Interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA was significantly increased in virus-infected acute asthma and reduced on recovery from acute asthma. IL-5, eotaxin, and IL-8 mRNA transcripts were similar across groups. Conclusions: Asthma exacerbation triggered by respiratory virus infection is characterized by increased IL-10 gene expression that may explain the suppressed eosinophil influx in acute asthma. Airway neutrophilia due to respiratory virus infection is associated with chemokine gene expression involving RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein-1.

Key Words: asthma • cytokines • gene expression • viruses

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. E. Lauer, D. Mukhopadhyay, C. Fulop, C. A. de la Motte, A. K. Majors, and V. C. Hascall Primary Murine Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Exposed to Poly(I,C) or Tunicamycin Synthesize a Leukocyte-adhesive Hyaluronan Matrix J. Biol. Chem., February 20, 2009; 284(8): 5299 - 5312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Ito, C. Herbert, J. S. Siegle, C. Vuppusetty, N. Hansbro, P. S. Thomas, P. S. Foster, P. J. Barnes, and R. K. Kumar Steroid-Resistant Neutrophilic Inflammation in a Mouse Model of an Acute Exacerbation of Asthma Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., November 1, 2008; 39(5): 543 - 550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Papi, M. Contoli, P. Gasparini, L. Bristot, M. R. Edwards, M. Chicca, M. Leis, A. Ciaccia, G. Caramori, S. L. Johnston, et al. Role of Xanthine Oxidase Activation and Reduced Glutathione Depletion in Rhinovirus Induction of Inflammation in Respiratory Epithelial Cells J. Biol. Chem., October 17, 2008; 283(42): 28595 - 28606. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. D. Message, V. Laza-Stanca, P. Mallia, H. L. Parker, J. Zhu, T. Kebadze, M. Contoli, G. Sanderson, O. M. Kon, A. Papi, et al. Rhinovirus-induced lower respiratory illness is increased in asthma and related to virus load and Th1/2 cytokine and IL-10 production PNAS, September 9, 2008; 105(36): 13562 - 13567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B G G Oliver, S Lim, P Wark, V Laza-Stanca, N King, J L Black, J K Burgess, M Roth, and S L Johnston Rhinovirus exposure impairs immune responses to bacterial products in human alveolar macrophages Thorax, June 1, 2008; 63(6): 519 - 525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. L. Simpson, H. Powell, M. J. Boyle, R. J. Scott, and P. G. Gibson Clarithromycin Targets Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Refractory Asthma Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2008; 177(2): 148 - 155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. G Gibson What do non-eosinophilic asthma and airway remodelling tell us about persistent asthma? Thorax, December 1, 2007; 62(12): 1034 - 1036. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Johnston Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Virus-induced Asthma Exacerbations Proceedings of the ATS, July 1, 2007; 4(3): 267 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. G. Wood, H. Powell, T. Grissell, T. T.D. Nguyen, D. Shafren, M. Hensley, and P. G. Gibson Persistent Airway Obstruction After Virus Infection Is Not Associated With Airway Inflammation Chest, February 1, 2007; 131(2): 415 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Singh, P. E. Moore, J. E. Gern, R. F. Lemanske Jr., and T. V. Hartert Bronchiolitis to Asthma: A Review and Call for Studies of Gene-Virus Interactions in Asthma Causation Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., January 15, 2007; 175(2): 108 - 119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Mallia and S. L. Johnston How viral infections cause exacerbation of airway diseases. Chest, October 1, 2006; 130(4): 1203 - 1210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P A B Wark and P G Gibson Asthma exacerbations {middle dot} 3: Pathogenesis. Thorax, October 1, 2006; 61(10): 909 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A M Singh and W W Busse Asthma exacerbations {middle dot} 2: Aetiology Thorax, September 1, 2006; 61(9): 809 - 816. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. K. Reddel and D. J. Barnes Pharmacological strategies for self-management of asthma exacerbations. Eur. Respir. J., July 1, 2006; 28(1): 182 - 199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. E. Wenzel and R. Covar Update in asthma 2005. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2006; 173(7): 698 - 706. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Johnston Impact of viruses on airway diseases Eur. Respir. Rev., December 1, 2005; 14(95): 57 - 61. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. T. Holgate Exacerbations: The Asthma Paradox Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 15, 2005; 172(8): 941 - 943. [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. W. Busse and J. E. Gern Is Interleukin-10 a "10" in Virus-provoked Asthma? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 15, 2005; 172(4): 405 - 406. [Full Text] [PDF]